Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 144-153 , June 2010

A Change in Strategy: The Use of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering to Augment the Course of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

References 

  1. Lively MW. Sports medicine approach to low back pain. South Med J. 2002;95:642–646
  2. Maetzel A, Li L. The economic burden of low back pain: A review of studies published between 1996 and 2001. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2002;16:23–30
  3. Luo X, Pietrobon R, Sun SX, et al. Estimates and patterns of direct health care expenditures among individuals with back pain in the United States. Spine. 2004;29:79–86
  4. Freimark D, Czermak P. Cell-based regeneration of intervertebral disc defects: Review and concepts. Int J Artif Organs. 2009;32:197–203
  5. Vanharanta H, Sachs BL, Spivey MA, et al. The relationship of pain provocation to lumbar disc deterioration as seen by CT/discography. Spine. 1987;12:295–298
  6. Hubert MG, Vadala G, Sowa G, et al. Gene therapy for the treatment of degenerative disk disease. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008;16:312–319
  7. Fassett DR, Kurd MF, Vaccaro AR. Biologic solutions for degenerative disk disease. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2009;22:297–308
  8. Colombini A, Lombardi G, Corsi MM, et al. Pathophysiology of the human intervertebral disc. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40:837–842
  9. Lotz JC, Hsieh AH, Walsh AL, et al. Mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc. Biochem Soc Trans. 2002;30:853–858
  10. Jahnke MR, McDevitt CA. Proteoglycans of the human intervertebral disc (Electrophoretic heterogeneity of the aggregating proteoglycans of the nucleus pulposus). Biochem J. 1988;251:347–356
  11. Sive JI, Baird P, Jeziorsk M, et al. Expression of chondrocyte markers by cells of normal and degenerate intervertebral discs. Mol Pathol. 2002;55:91–97
  12. Guehring T, Wilde G, Sumner M, et al. Notochordal intervertebral disc cells: Sensitivity to nutrient deprivation. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:1026–1034
  13. Ambard D, Cherblanc F. Mechanical behavior of annulus fibrosus: A microstructural model of fiber's reorientation. Ann Biomed Eng. 2009;37:2256–2265
  14. Bruehlmann SB, Rattner JB, Matyas JR, et al. Regional variations in the cellular matrix of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc. J Anat. 2002;201:159–171
  15. Butler D, Trafimow JH, Andersson GB, et al. Discs degenerate before facets. Spine. 1990;15:111–113
  16. Grunhagen T, Wilde G, Soukane DM, et al. Nutrient supply and intervertebral disc metabolism. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(suppl 2):30–35
  17. Herkowitz HN, Rothman RH, Simeone FA. Rothman-Simeone The Spine. ed 5. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2006;
  18. Bibby SR, Jones DA, Ripley RM, et al. Metabolism of the intervertebral disc: Effects of low levels of oxygen, glucose, and pH on rates of energy metabolism of bovine nucleus pulposus cells. Spine. 2005;30:487–496
  19. Ishihara H, Urban JP. Effects of low oxygen concentrations and metabolic inhibitors on proteoglycan and protein synthesis rates in the intervertebral disc. J Orthop Res. 1999;17:829–835
  20. Ghosh P. The Biology of the Intervertebral Disc. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1988;
  21. Richardson SM, Mobasheri A, Freemont AJ, et al. Intervertebral disc biology, degeneration and novel tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. Histol Histopathol. 2007;22:1033–1041
  22. Urban JP, Roberts S. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003;5:120–130
  23. Melrose J, Ghosh P, Taylor TK. A comparative analysis of the differential spatial and temporal distributions of the large (aggrecan, versican) and small (decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin) proteoglycans of the intervertebral disc. J Anat. 2001;198:3–15
  24. Haefeli M, Kalberer F, Saegesser D, et al. The course of macroscopic degeneration in the human lumbar intervertebral disc. Spine. 2006;31:1522–1531
  25. Scapinelli R. Lumbar disc herniation in eight siblings with a positive family history for disc disease. Acta Orthop Belg. 1993;59:371–376
  26. Varlotta GP, Brown MD, Kelsey JL, et al. Familial predisposition for herniation of a lumbar disc in patients who are less than twenty-one years old. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73:124–128
  27. Matsui H, Kanamori M, Ishihara H, et al. Familial predisposition for lumbar degenerative disc disease: A case-control study. Spine. 1998;23:1029–1034
  28. Kim PK, Branch CL. The lumbar degenerative disc: Confusion, mechanics, management. Clin Neurosurg. 2006;53:18–25
  29. Hasegawa T, An HS, Haughton VM, et al. Lumbar foraminal stenosis: Critical heights of the intervertebral discs and foramina. A cryomicrotome study in cadavera. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:32–38
  30. Bullough PG. Orthopaedic Pathology. ed 4. Edinburgh, UK: Mosby; 2004;
  31. McGuirk B, King W, Govind J, et al. Safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness of evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute low back pain in primary care. Spine. 2001;26:2615–2622
  32. Putzier M, Schneider SV, Funk JF, et al. The surgical treatment of the lumbar disc prolapse: Nucleotomy with additional transpedicular dynamic stabilization versus nucleotomy alone. Spine. 2005;30:E109–E114
  33. Javedan SP, Dickman CA. Cause of adjacent-segment disease after spinal fusion. Lancet. 1999;354:530–531
  34. Okuda S, Iwasaki M, Miyauchi A, et al. Risk factors for adjacent segment degeneration after PLIF. Spine. 2004;29:1535–1540
  35. Levin DA, Hale JJ, Bendo JA. Adjacent segment degeneration following spinal fusion for degenerative disc disease. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2007;65:29–36
  36. Grafting of burns with cultured epithelium prepared from autologous epidermal cells. Lancet. 1981;1:75–78
  37. Cao Y, Vacanti JP, Paige KT, et al. Transplantation of chondrocytes utilizing a polymer-cell construct to produce tissue-engineered cartilage in the shape of a human ear. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;100:297–302discussion 3-4
  38. Rotter N, Bonassar LJ, Tobias G, et al. Age dependence of biochemical and biomechanical properties of tissue-engineered human septal cartilage. Biomaterials. 2002;23:3087–3094
  39. Kojima K, Bonassar LJ, Roy AK, et al. Autologous tissue-engineered trachea with sheep nasal chondrocytes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123:1177–1184
  40. Luk KD, Ruan DK, Chow DH, et al. Intervertebral disc autografting in a bipedal animal model. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;13–26
  41. Li WJ, Jiang YJ, Tuan RS. Chondrocyte phenotype in engineered fibrous matrix is regulated by fiber size. Tissue Eng. 2006;12:1775–1785
  42. Chang G, Kim HJ, Kaplan D, et al. Porous silk scaffolds can be used for tissue engineering annulus fibrosus. Eur Spine J. 2007;16:1848–1857
  43. Roughley P, Hoemann C, DesRosiers E, et al. The potential of chitosan-based gels containing intervertebral disc cells for nucleus pulposus supplementation. Biomaterials. 2006;27:388–396
  44. Gruber HE, Leslie K, Ingram J, et al. Cell-based tissue engineering for the intervertebral disc: In vitro studies of human disc cell gene expression and matrix production within selected cell carriers. Spine J. 2004;4:44–55
  45. Mizuno H, Roy AK, Vacanti CA, et al. Tissue-engineered composites of anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus for intervertebral disc replacement. Spine. 2004;29:1290–1297discussion 7-8
  46. Kandel R, Roberts S, Urban JP. Tissue engineering and the intervertebral disc: The challenges. Eur Spine J. 2008;17(suppl 4):480–491
  47. Seguin CA, Grynpas MD, Pilliar RM, et al. Tissue engineered nucleus pulposus tissue formed on a porous calcium polyphosphate substrate. Spine. 2004;29:1299–1306discussion 306-307
  48. Waldman SD, Grynpas MD, Pilliar RM, et al. Characterization of cartilagenous tissue formed on calcium polyphosphate substrates in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002;62:323–330
  49. Hiyama A, Mochida J, Iwashina T, et al. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in a canine disc degeneration model. J Orthop Res. 2008;26:589–600
  50. Sobajima S, Vadala G, Shimer A, et al. Feasibility of a stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine J. 2008;8:888–896
  51. Sakai D, Mochida J, Iwashina T, et al. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells transplanted to a rabbit degenerative disc model: Potential and limitations for stem cell therapy in disc regeneration. Spine. 2005;30:2379–2387
  52. Vadala G, Studer RK, Sowa G, et al. Coculture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and nucleus pulposus cells modulate gene expression profile without cell fusion. Spine. 2008;33:870–876
  53. Aguiar DJ, Johnson SL, Oegema TR. Notochordal cells interact with nucleus pulposus cells: Regulation of proteoglycan synthesis. Exp Cell Res. 1999;246:129–137
  54. Meisel HJ, Siodla V, Ganey T, et al. Clinical experience in cell-based therapeutics: Disc chondrocyte transplantation: A treatment for degenerated or damaged intervertebral disc. Biomol Eng. 2007;24:5–21
  55. Nomura T, Mochida J, Okuma M, et al. Nucleus pulposus allograft retards intervertebral disc degeneration. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;94–101
  56. Nishida K, Kang JD, Gilbertson LG, et al. Modulation of the biologic activity of the rabbit intervertebral disc by gene therapy: An in vivo study of adenovirus-mediated transfer of the human transforming growth factor beta 1 encoding gene. Spine. 1999;24:2419–2425
  57. Moon SH, Nishida K, Gilbertson LG, et al. Biologic response of human intervertebral disc cells to gene therapy cocktail. Spine. 2008;33:1850–1855
  58. Wallach CJ, Sobajima S, Watanabe Y, et al. Gene transfer of the catabolic inhibitor TIMP-1 increases measured proteoglycans in cells from degenerated human intervertebral discs. Spine. 2003;28:2331–2337
  59. Le Maitre CL, Freemont AJ, Hoyland JA. A preliminary in vitro study into the use of IL-1RA gene therapy for the inhibition of intervertebral disc degeneration. Int J Exp Pathol. 2006;87:17–28
  60. Le Maitre CL, Freemont AJ, Hoyland JA. Accelerated cellular senescence in degenerate intervertebral discs: A possible role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9:R45
  61. Kauppila LI. Ingrowth of blood vessels in disc degeneration (Angiographic and histological studies of cadaveric spines). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:26–31
  62. Harrison PE, Ashton IK, Johnson WE, et al. The in vitro growth of human chondrocytes. Cell Tissue Bank. 2000;1:255–260
  63. Risbud MV, Albert TJ, Guttapalli A, et al. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype in vitro: Implications for cell-based transplantation therapy. Spine. 2004;29:2627–2632
  64. Sobajima S, Kompel JF, Kim JS, et al. A slowly progressive and reproducible animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration characterized by MRI, X-ray, and histology. Spine. 2005;30:15–24
  65. Sobajima S, Shimer AL, Chadderdon RC, et al. Quantitative analysis of gene expression in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Spine J. 2005;5:14–23
  66. Hamilton DJ, Seguin CA, Wang J, et al. Formation of a nucleus pulposus-cartilage endplate construct in vitro. Biomaterials. 2006;27:397–405

PII: S1048-6666(09)00149-9

doi: 10.1053/j.oto.2009.10.009

Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 144-153 , June 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution