Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics
Volume 18, Issue 3 , Pages 185-189 , July 2008

Quantitative Correlation Between IKDC Score, Static Laxity, and Pivot-Shift Test: A Kinematic Analysis of Knee Stability in Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

  • Nicola Lopomo, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Biomechanics Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Nicola Lopomo, PhD, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • Simone Bignozzi, BSc

      Affiliations

    • Biomechanics Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • Stefano Zaffagnini, MD

      Affiliations

    • Biomechanics Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • Giovanni Giordano, MD

      Affiliations

    • Biomechanics Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • James J. Irrgang, PT, ATC, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
    • ,
  • Freddie H. Fu, MD, DSc (Hon)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
    • ,
  • Maurilio Marcacci, MD

      Affiliations

    • Biomechanics Lab, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy

References 

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  2. Galway HR, MacIntosh DL. The lateral pivot shift: A symptom and sign of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;147:45–50
  3. Jakob RP, Stäubli HU, Deland JT. Grading the pivot shift (Objective tests with implications for treatment). J Bone Jt Surg Br. 1987;69:294–299
  4. Matsumoto H. Mechanism of the pivot shift. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 1990;72:816–821
  5. Jakob RP, Hassler H, Staeubli HU. Observations on rotatory instability of the lateral compartment of the knee (Experimental studies on the functional anatomy and the pathomechanism of the true and the reversed pivot shift sign). Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1981;191:1–32
  6. Hefti F, Müller W, Jakob RP, et al. Evaluation of knee ligament injuries with the IKDC form. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1993;1:226–234
  7. Hoshino Y, Kuroda R, Nagamune K, et al. In vivo measurement of the pivot-shift test in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee using an electromagnetic device. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:1098–1104
  8. Colombet P, Robinson J, Christel P, et al. Using navigation to measure rotation kinematics during ACL reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;454:59–65
  9. Lane CG, Warren RF, Stanford FC, et al. In vivo analysis of the pivot shift phenomenon during computer navigated ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008;16:487–492
  10. Martelli S, Zaffagnini S, Bignozzi S, et al. Description and validation of a navigation system for intraoperative evaluation of knee laxity. Comput Aid Surg. 2007;12:181–188
  11. Chhabra A, Starman JS, Ferretti M, et al. Anatomic, radiographic, biomechanical, and kinematic evaluation of the anterior cruciate ligament and its two functional bundles. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2006;88(suppl 4):2–10
  12. Mae T, Shino K, Matsumoto N, et al. Force sharing between two grafts in the anatomical two-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:505–509
  13. Martelli S, Zaffagnini S, Bignozzi S, et al. KIN-Nav navigation system for kinematic assessment in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Features, use, and perspectives. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H]. 2007;221:725–737
  14. Martelli S, Lopomo N, Bignozzi S, et al. Validation of a new protocol for navigated intraoperative assessment of knee kinematics. Comput Biol Med. 2006;37:872–878
  15. Prins M. The Lachman test is the most sensitive and the pivot shift the most specific test for the diagnosis of ACL rupture. Aust J Physiother. 2006;52:66
  16. Ostrowski JA. Accuracy of 3 diagnostic tests for anterior cruciate ligament tears. J Athl Train. 2006;41:120–121
  17. Kocher MS, Steadman JR, Briggs KK, et al. Relationships between objective assessment of ligament stability and subjective assessment of symptoms and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:629–634
  18. Ferretti A, Monaco E, Labianca L, et al. Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery study. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:760–766
  19. Snyder-Mackler L, Fitzgerald GK, Bartolozzi AR, et al. The relationship between passive joint laxity and functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:191–195
  20. Bull AMJ, Earnshaw PH, Smith A, et al. Intraoperative measurement of knee kinematics in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 2002;84:1075–1081
  21. Yagi M, Wong EK, Kanamori A, et al. Biomechanical analysis of an anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30:660–666
  22. Forster IW, Warren-Smith CD, Tew M. Is the KT1000 knee ligament arthrometer reliable?. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 1989;71:843–847
  23. Zaffagnini S, Bignozzi S, Martelli S, et al. New intraoperative protocol for kinematic evaluation of ACL reconstruction: Preliminary results. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:811–816
  24. Edixhoven P, Huiskes R, de Graaf R, et al. Accuracy and reproducibility of instrumented knee-drawer tests. J Orthop Res. 1987;5:378–387
  25. Robinson J, Carrat L, Granchi C, et al. Influence of anterior cruciate ligament bundles on knee kinematics: Clinical assessment using computer-assisted navigation. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:2006–2013

PII: S1048-6666(09)00007-X

doi: 10.1053/j.oto.2008.12.006

Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics
Volume 18, Issue 3 , Pages 185-189 , July 2008

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