Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics
Volume 16, Issue 4 , Pages 227-231 , October 2006

Partial-Thickness Articular Cartilage Defects: Evaluation and Treatment

  • James H. Lubowitz, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to James H. Lubowitz, MD, Taos Orthopaedic Institute, 1219-A Gusdorf Rd, Taos, NM 87571.

References 

  1. O’Driscoll SW. Current concepts review (The healing and regeneration of articular cartilage). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80:1795–1812
  2. Mankin HJ. Current concepts review (The response of articular cartilage to mechanical injury). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:460–466
  3. Potter HG, Linklater JM, Allen AA, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in the knee (An evaluation with use of fast-spin-echo imaging). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80:1276–1284
  4. Vaz CE, Camargo OP, Santana PJ, et al. Accuracy of magnetic resonance in identifying traumatic intraarticular knee lesions. Clinics. 2005;60:445–450
  5. Young AA, Stanwell P, Williams A, et al. Glycosaminoglycan content of knee cartilage following posterior cruciate ligament rupture demonstrated by delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:2763–2767
  6. Reiter S. Evidence-based evaluation of study results of symptomatic glucosamine therapy. Z Rheumatol. 2005;64:456–466
  7. Godwin M, Dawes M. Current concepts review. Intra-articular steroid injections for painful knees. Systematic review with meta-analysis. Can Fam. 2004;50:241–248
  8. Modawal A, Ferrer M, Choi HK, et al. Hyaluronic acid injections relieve knee pain. J Fam Pract. 2005;54:758–767
  9. Arrich J, Piribauer F, Mad P, et al. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2005;172:1039–1043
  10. Kwartowitz MA, Reider B. Debridement of articular cartilage in the knee. In:  Miller M,  Cole BJ editor. Textbook of Arthroscopy. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004;p. 568–574
  11. Owens BD, Stickles BJ, Balikian P, et al. Prospective analysis of radiofrequency versus mechanical debridement of isolated patellar chondral lesions. Arthroscopy. 2002;18:151–155
  12. Poehling GG. Cartilage primum non nocere. Arthroscopy. 2001;17:341
  13. Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Jackson RW. The arthroscopic treatment of chondromalacia patellae. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:660–665
  14. Fairbank TJ. Knee joint changes after meniscetomy. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1948;30:664–670
  15. Outerbridge RE. The etiology of chondromalacia patellae. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1961;43:752–757
  16. Mainil-Varlet P, Aigner T, Brittberg M, et al. Histological assessment of cartilage repair: a report by the Histology Endpoint Committee of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:45–57(suppl)
  17. Cole BJ, Carter TR, Rodeo SA. Allograft meniscal transplantation: background, techniques, and results. Instr Course Lect. 2003;52:383–396
  18. Federico DJ, Reider B. Results of isolated patellar debridement for patellofemoral pain in patients with normal patellar alignment. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:663–669
  19. Schonholtz GJ, Ling B. Arthroscopic chondroplasty of the patella. Arthroscopy. 1985;1:92–96
  20. Hunziker EB, Quinn TM. Surgical removal of articular cartilage leads to loss of chondrocytes from cartilage bordering the wound edge. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(suppl 2):85–92
  21. Stein DT, Ricciardi CA, Viehe T. The effectiveness of the use of electrocautery with chondroplasty in treating chondromalacic lesions: a randomized prospective study. Arthroscopy. 2002;18:190–193
  22. Lubbers C, Siebert WE. Holmium: YAG-laser-assisted arthroscopy versus conventional methods for treatment of the knee (Two-year results of a prospective study). Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1997;5:168–175
  23. Janzen DL, Kosarek FJ, Helms CA, et al. Osteonecrosis after contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet arthroscopic laser meniscectomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169:855–858
  24. Spahn G, Frober R, Linss W. Treatment of chondral defects by hydro jet (Results of a preliminary scanning electron microscopic evaluation). Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2005;25:1–5
  25. Turner AS, Tippett JW, Powers BE, et al. Radiofrequency (electrosurgical) ablation of articular cartilage: a study in sheep. Arthroscopy. 1998;14:585–591
  26. Kaplan L, Uribe JW. The acute effects of radiofrequency energy in articular cartilage: an in vitro study. Arthroscopy. 2000;16:2–5
  27. Lu Y, Edwards RB, Kalscheur . Effect of bipolar radiofrequency energy on human articular cartilage (Comparison of confocal laser microscopy and light microscopy). at al Arthroscopy. 2001;17:117–123
  28. Amiel D, Ball ST, Tasto JP. Chondrocyte viability and metabolic activity after treatment of bovine articular cartilage with bipolar radiofrequency: an in vitro study. Arthroscopy. 2004;20:503–510
  29. Mitchell M, Dwayne D, Lorang D, et al. Determination of factors influencing tissue effect of thermal chondroplasty: an ex vivo investigation. Arthroscopy. 2006;22:3XX–3XY
  30. Fulkerson JP, Shea KP. Disorders of patellofemoral alignment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:1424–1429
  31. Hogan CJ, Diduch DR. Progressive articular cartilage loss following radiofrequency treatment of a partial-thickness lesion. Arthroscopy. 2001;17:E24
  32. Cook JL, Kuroki K, Kenter K, et al. Bipolar and monopolar radiofrequency treatment of osteoarthritic knee articular cartilage: acute and temporal effects on cartilage compressive stiffness, permeability, cell synthesis, and extracellular matrix composition. J Knee Surg. 2004;17:99–108
  33. Chu CR, Kaplan LD, Fu FH. Recovery of articular cartilage metabolism following thermal stress is facilitated by IGF-1 and JNK inhibitor. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:191–196
  34. Hunziker EB, Rosenberg LC. Repair of partial-thickness defects in articular cartilage: cell recruitment from the synovial membrane. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78:721–733
  35. Hunziker EB. Growth-factor-induced healing of partial-thickness defects in adult articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2001;9:22–32

 Taos Orthopaedic Institute, Taos Orthopaedic Institute Research Foundation, Taos Orthopaedic Institute Sportsmedicine Fellowship and Training Program, Taos, NM.

PII: S1048-6666(06)00082-6

doi: 10.1053/j.oto.2006.09.003

Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics
Volume 16, Issue 4 , Pages 227-231 , October 2006